If you are talking about the referendum in 2005, for the European treaty, I think it's normal that people said no, because it was very hard to understand, and was not explained by our politicians. Even lawyers said that this treaty was weird, and even them couldn't explain it correctly. So, do you want to say "yes" if you don't understand what it is ?
But it's no longer a problem since Sarkozy made the treaty of Lisbon, and he didn't want to have our opinion. I find this was non-democratic, but it's another problem and I don't want to have another debate about Sarkozy.
And it's not a French matter, it's a human problem to want to have more money for less work. Okay, in France, it's more representative. x)
Finally, I'm totally agree with you about our duty ! But I think we don't have somebody who will become a good president in our politicians actually.